E ven before entering the Oregon School for the Deaf (OSD), fourteen-year-old Eric had always felt like an outcast from his peers.
But this sense of alienation paled in comparison to the scorn Eric faced in public school. For the first time in his life, he was around people who were like him. But this was not always the case.

When Eric was born, his parents had no idea their child was deaf. As an infant, he turned his head at loud noises--just as any baby would. Little did his parents know Eric was merely responding to vibrations he felt through the floor. He learned to walk, played with toys and cried like other toddlers. But at age two, he did not speak as expected. Their pediatrician's explanation: Eric was a late bloomer. "Don't worry," their doctor said, attributing his silence to the fact that boys and second children can be slow to develop. The Hendersons accepted this explanation. After all, Eric had an older sister.

Six months later, Eric still had not uttered a word. Eric's mom, a nurse, grew restless. She took him to a specialist at Stanford University, near their Californian home. She finally received a reason for her son's silence: Eric was born deaf. Their pediatrician did not have the capabilities or specialized equipment to diagnose Eric with a severe hearing loss. It took the power of a technologically advanced medical center to diagnose Eric's condition.

Eric Henderson
T he Hendersons were surprised by this news because their
family had no history of deafness, but they put their energy toward helping their son. The specialist at Stanford fit him with ear molds for hearing aids. Eric disliked these new additions to his body, and flushed the first hearing aid down the toilet. He fed the second one to the family dog. The doctor fit him with another set of hearing aids. Eric finally adjusted to the uncomfortable devices. But they soon began working to Eric's advantage, reviving 70 percent of his hearing. Now that Eric could hear, he had to learn how to speak.

When Eric turned three, he was accepted into an oral program. He was taught how to speak and read lips by interpreting vibrations in his throat and air movements from his mouth to form words.

Speaking is not a new concept for people who are profoundly deaf or have a severe loss of hearing. Samuel Heinicke, a German teacher, developed the oral teaching method in the late 1700s. As a devoted oralist, Heinicke became a leading advocate of this method that trained deaf students to speak and read lips. Eventually, the method of teaching grew increasingly popular. In 1880, delegates at the Milan Congress, an International Conference on Education of the Deaf, established it as the preferred teaching method for Deaf people.

Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone and also an advocate for this oral method, represented the American delegation at this conference. Although Bell knew ASL, he placed a great deal of emphasis on the oral method of communication. In 1890, he founded the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf. Today, the association is called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf.

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